| Andersonville is a city located in Sumter
County, Georgia. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 331 (174 in
1910). It is in the southwest part of the state, about 60 miles southwest of Macon, Georgia on the Central of Georgia railway.
History
Andersonville was the location of the largest Confederate military prison
during the American Civil War. More than 13,000 Union prisoners
died there, mostly of neglect. Major Henry Wirz, commandant, was the only Civil
War soldier executed for war crimes.
From November 1863 until the end of the Civil War it was the seat of a Confederate
military prison. A tract of 16 1/2 acres (67,000 m²) of land near the village was cleared of trees and enclosed with a stockade.
Prisoners began to arrive in February 1864, before the prison was completed and before
adequate supplies had been received, and in May their number amounted to about 10,000. In June the stockade was enlarged so as to
include 26 1/2 acres (107,000 m²), but the congestion was only temporarily relieved, and in August the number of prisoners
exceeded 33,000. No shelter had been provided for the inmates: the first arrivals made rude sheds from the debris of the
stockade; the others made tents of blankets and other available pieces of cloth, or dug pits in the ground.
Owing to the slender resources of the Confederacy, the prison was frequently short of food, and even when this was sufficient
in quantity it was of a poor quality and poorly prepared on account of the lack of cooking utensils. The water supply, deemed
ample when the prison was planned, became polluted under the congested conditions. During the summer of 1864 the prisoners suffered greatly from hunger, exposure and disease, and in seven months about a third of them
died. In the autumn, after the capture of Atlanta, Georgia, all
the prisoners who could be moved were sent to Millen, Georgia and
Florence, South Carolina. At Millen better
arrangements prevailed, and when, after General William
Tecumseh Sherman began his march to the sea, the prisoners were returned to Andersonville, the conditions there were somewhat
improved.
During the war 49,485 prisoners were received at the Andersonville prison, and of these about 13,000 died. The terrible
conditions obtaining there were due to the lack of food supplies in the Confederate States, the incompetence of the prison
officials, and the refusal of the Federal authorities in 1864 to make exchanges of
prisoners, thus filling the stockade with unlooked-for numbers. After the war Henry
Wirz, the superintendent, was tried by a court-martial on charges of
war crimes and on November 10, 1865,
was hanged, and the revelation of the sufferings of the prisoners was one of the
factors that shaped public opinion regarding the South in the Northern states, after the close of the Civil War. The prisoners'
burial ground at Andersonville has been made a national cemetery, and contains 13,714 graves of which 921 are marked
"unknown."
The site is maintained as the Andersonville National Historic Site.
Geography
Andersonville is located at 32°11'49" North, 84°8'30" West (32.197008, -84.141701)1.
According to the United States Census
Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.4 km² (1.3 mi²). 3.4 km² (1.3 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.
Demographics
As of the census2 of 2000, there are 331 people, 124 households, and 86
families residing in the city. The population density is
98.3/km² (254.1/mi²). There are 142 housing units at an average density of 42.2/km² (109.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is
65.26% White and 34.74% African American. 1.21% of the population
are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 124 households out of which 34.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% are married couples living together, 17.7% have a female householder with no husband present,
and 30.6% are non-families. 26.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.5% have someone living alone who is 65
years of age or older. The average household size is 2.67 and the average family size is 3.21.
In the city the population is spread out with 27.8% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from
45 to 64, and 12.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 105.6 males.
For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 97.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $29,107, and the median income for a family is $30,972. Males have a median
income of $26,591 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita
income for the city is $15,168. 23.0% of the population and 19.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 29.3% of those under the age of 18 and 13.5% of those 65 and
older are living below the poverty line.
External links
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