Arthur Fiedler (December 17, 1894 – July 10, 1979) was the long-time conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra, a symphony orchestra that specialized in popular entertainment more than "fine art". With a combination of musicianship and showmanship, he made the Pops the best-known orchestra in the country. Some criticized him for watering down music, particularly when adapting popular songs or edited portions of the classical repertoire, but Fiedler deliberately kept performances informal, light and often self-mocking to attact more listeners.

Fiedler was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His father was an Austrian-born violinist who played in the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and his mother was a pianist and musician. He grew up in Boston until his father retired and returned to Austria, where he studied and worked until returning to Boston at the start of World War I. In 1909, his father took him to Berlin to study violin with Willy Hess, and then in 1915 he joined the Boston Symphony Orchestra under Karl Muck as a violinist. He also worked as a pianist, organist, and percussionist.

In 1924 he formed the Boston Sinfonietta, a chamber music orchestra made up of Boston Symphony members, and started a series of free outdoor concerts. He was appointed the eighteenth conductor of the Boston Pops in 1930, a position he held for a half-century.

Under Fiedler's direction, the Boston Pops has allegedly made more recordings than any other orchestra in the world, with total sales of albums, singles, tapes, and cassettes exceeding 50 million. Fiedler was also associated with the San Francisco Pops Orchestra for 26 summers, and conducted many other orchestras throughout the world.

Arthur Fiedler died in Brookline, Massachusetts, at age of 85.

After his passing, the city of Boston honored him with an abstract sculpture on the Boston Esplenade, home of the free concert series that continues through the present day. The sculpture is an oversized bust of Fiedler.