| Arthur Jacob Arshawsky (May 23, 1910
– December 30, 2004), better
known as Artie Shaw, was an accomplished jazz clarinetist, composer, bandleader, and writer.
He was born in New York City, United States, and began learning the saxophone when he was
15 and, by age 16, had begun to tour with a band. He returned to New York and became a session musician. During the Swing Era, his big band was very popular with hits like "Begin the Beguine", "Lady Be Good", and "Frenesi".
Shaw was know for being an innovator in the big band idiom, at the time using
unusual instrumentation. His piece "Interlude in B-flat" was one of the earliest examples of what would be later dubbed third stream. He hired Billie Holiday as his band's vocalist, becoming the first white bandleader to hire a full-time black female singer. His band became enormously successful and his playing, dismissed at first, eventually
rivaled that of Benny Goodman: Longtime Duke Ellington clarinetist Barney
Bigard--himself a talented musician--cited Shaw as his favorite clarinet player.
At the height of his popularity, Shaw reportedly earned US$30,000 per week, a very large amount during the Great Depression.
During WWII he enlisted in the U.S. Navy
(along with his entire band) and served with them in the Pacific
theater (similar to Glenn Miller's wartime band in Europe). He spent
approximately 18 months playing for navy personnel, sometimes as many as four shows a day. He received a medical discharge.
Throughout his musical career, Shaw would take sabbaticals where he would quit the business. He credited his time in the navy
as a period of renewed introspection. He began psychoanalysis and began
to pursue a writing career. In 1954, Shaw stopped playing the clarinet, citing his own
perfectionism, which, he later said, would have killed him. He focused on writing, concentrating on semi-biographical fiction. He
wrote The Trouble With Cinderella and was working on The Education of Albie Snow when he died.
For the Marx Brothers' movie, The Big Store Shaw co-wrote the song, "If It's You." He also had a significant role in the Fred Astaire film Second Chorus.
A self-proclaimed "very difficult man", Shaw was married eight times; it became a national joke to have been "married as many
times as Artie Shaw." Among his wives were Jane Cairns, Margaret Allen, Betty Kern (daughter of songwriter Jerome Kern), author Kathleen
Winsor, and actresses Ava Gardner, Lana Turner, Doris
Dowling and Evelyn Keyes. He had two children.
In 1953, Shaw was brought up before the House Un-American Activites
Committee for his liberal activities. The committee was investigating a
peace activist organization, the World Peace Congress, which it considered a Communist
front.
In his later years, Shaw lived and wrote in the Newbury Park section of
Thousand Oaks, California. In 1981, he organised a new Artie Shaw Band, with clarinetist
Dick Johnson as band leader and
soloist. Shaw himself would guest conduct from time to time, ending his self-imposed retirement.
In 2004, he was presented with a lifetime achievement Grammy Award. He died from natural causes aged 94.
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