The BBC World Service is one of the most widely recognised international broadcasters of radio programming,
transmitting in 43 languages to around 150 million people throughout the world. The English service broadcasts 24 hours a day.
Unlike the BBC's main radio and television services, which are primarily funded by a licence
fee, the World Service is funded by the British Government
through the Foreign and Commonwealth
Office, although it remains politically neutral.
One of the primary purposes of the BBC World Service is to disseminate fair neutral news and information around the world. In
many countries in the world the World Service is relied on as the only source of reliable news not manipulated by the local
government.
The BBC's first shortwave transmissions were broadcast in 1925 from Borough Hill, Daventry. BBC shortwave programming began as BBC Empire Service on December 19, 1932, broadcasting particularly to Australia. It gained a special position in world broadcasting during the Second World War as it broadcast news to a wide range of audiences.
After a landmine damaged the service's original home Broadcasting House on December 8, 1940, the European Service moved to Bush House; the rest of
the Overseas
Service followed in 1958. When the BBC's lease on Bush House expires in 2008, the World Service plans to move back into Broadcasting House.
News and other programming from the BBC World Service is frequently relayed by local stations around the world, and it is
regarded by some as the world's premier radio news source. In addition, the World Service provides educational, drama, and sports
programming. A special use of the World Service has been emergency messages to British subjects abroad, such as the order to
evacuate Jordan during the Black September incidents of September 1970.
The World Service uses a mediumwave transmitter at Orfordness to provide coverage to Europe, including on the frequency 648 kHz (which
can be heard in the UK). Shortwave transmitters are located throughout the United Kingdom, Antigua, Ascension Island, Canada, the United States, Singapore, Cyprus, and other locations. In addition, the World Service provides specialist programming to the Caribbean and the Falkland
Islands. Since the 1990s the World Service has also increasingly used satellite
broadcasting as a means to deliver its signals to its overseas transmitters and to home dish owners in several countries.
Shortwave transmissions directed to North America came to an end on
July 1, 2001, but transmissions to other areas
can be heard. After British domestic radio station BBC Radio 4 ceases broadcasting at 1am British time, the World Service is broadcast on all Radio 4 frequencies
overnight, including 198 kHz longwave which can be heard in parts of continental Europe.
The interval signal of the BBC World Service in English is the
sound of the quarter-hour chimes of the Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster (Big Ben). Its signature tune
Lillibullero is broadcast just before the top of most hours,
preceded by the announcement "This is London" and followed by the Greenwich Time Signal (five short and one long pips) and the hourly news. In other languages, the
interval signal is three notes, pitched B-B-C. The exception is the non-English services to Western Europe, which have an
interval signal of four notes, B-B-B-E, in the rhythm of the Morse Code letter
"V". GMT is announced on the hour on the English service, e.g. "13 hours Greenwich Mean Time"
is said at 1300 GMT. 0000 GMT is announced as "midnight Greenwich Mean Time".
In 1991 BBC World Service Television launched on satellite, split in 1995 into commercial stations BBC World and
BBC Prime.
The World Service's output has recently been made more widely available in the UK - the service is now carried on DAB, Freeview and Sky Digital, as well as being available on 648MW in the south of the UK. Both a live stream and an archive of
previous programmes are available worldwide on the Internet.
External links
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