This article is on the plant. For alternate meanings, see Bean (disambiguation)

Bean is a common name for large plant seeds of several genera of Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae) used for food or feed.

Name

Bean originally meant the seed of the fava bean, but was later broadened to include members of the genus Phaseolus such as the common bean or haricot and the runner bean and the related genus Vigna. The term is now applied in a general way to many other related plants such as soybeans, peas, lentils, vetches and lupins.

Bean can be used as a near synonym of pulse, i.e. an edible legume, though some restrict pulse to just varieties used as dry seeds. Leguminous crops harvested green for food like snap beans, green peas etc. are classified as vegetable crops. The term "pulses" is usually reserved for those leguminous crops which are harvested for their dry grain. Pulses exclude those crops mainly used for oil extraction like soybean and peanut) or those used exclusively for sowing purposes (clover and alfalfa).

In English usage beans sometimes also refer to seeds or other organs of non leguminosae for example coffee beans, castor beans and cocoa beans (which resemble bean seeds), and vanilla beans (which resemble the pods).

Types of bean

• Phaseolus
  • P. acutifolius or tepary bean
  • P. coccineus or runner bean
  • P. lunatus or lima bean
  • P. vulgaris or common bean (includes the pinto bean, kidney bean and many others)
• Vigna
  • V. angularis or azuki bean
  • V. radiata or mung bean
  • V. umbellatta or rice bean
  • V. unguiculata or cowpea (includes the black-eyed pea, yardlong bean and others)
  • several others
• Glycine
  • G. max or soybean
• Cicer
  • C. arietinum or chickpea
• Vicia
  • V. faba or fava bean
• Pisum
  • P. sativum or pea
• Lens
  • L. culinaris or lentil
• Lablab
  • L. purpureus or hyacinth bean
• Psophocarpus
  • P. tetragonolobus or winged bean
• Cajanus
  • C. cajan or pigeon pea
• Stizolobium
  • S. spp or velvet bean
• Cyamopsis
  • C. tetragonoloba or guar
• Canavalia
  • C. ensiformis or jack bean
• Macrotyloma
  • M. uniflorum or horse gram
• Lupinus

Cultural aspects

The following traditional uses of beans refer to the fava bean.

In ancient Greece and Rome, beans were used in voting (a white bean meant yes and a black bean meant no) and as a food for the dead, such as during the annual Lemuria festival.

In some folk legends, such as in Estonia and the common Jack and the Beanstalk story, magical beans grow tall enough to bring the hero to the clouds. The Grimm Brothers collected a story in which a bean splits its sides laughing at the failure of others.

Dreaming of a bean is sometimes said to be a sign of impending conflict, though others said they caused bad dreams.

Pliny claimed they acted as a laxative.

European folklore also claims that planting beans on Good Friday or during the night-time is good luck.