Charity care is a term used in the United States to refer to health care services rendered to patients unable to pay for some, in whole or in part.

More specifically, the term refers to a scheme used by the state of New Jersey to provide reimbursements to hospitals and other health-care institutions which provide uncompensated or undercompensated health care to patients lacking private health insurance whose income falls below a certain amount but is too high to qualify them for Medicaid and are not old enough to be eligible for Medicare (New Jersey's situation is somewhat unique among American states in that the state has no county or municipal hospitals).

The scheme provides free health care to uninsured state residents whose income is up to 200% of the federally-designated poverty line, and provides discounts which gradually phase out at incomes between 200% and 300% of the poverty line; the patient's liquid assets (not including the patient's home and one automobile) must not exceed $7,500. Also, the maximum any individual qualifying for aid under the aforementioned criteria can be liable for in a single year is 30% of that patient's gross income for that year. A special fund compensates the health-care provider — which may have furnished either inpatient or outpatient services — for the applicable difference in cost.

Some private health-care providers in other states — particularly those that are operated on a nonprofit basis (often by religious entities) — also provide free and/or low-cost health care to uninsured patients, using income thresholds similar to those observed statewide in New Jersey; but state laws vary widely as to how much, if any, reimbursement (usually in the form of tax credits) the institution receives for so doing (and in only one other state besides New Jersey — Washington — does an outright mandate exist to provide charity care). Perhaps the most famous example of such an institution is the Charity Hospital of New Orleans, founded in 1732 and now run by the Medical Center of Louisiana.

Many political moderates in the United States point to the success of the New Jersey program, and recommend its adoption at the federal level as an alternative to national health-insurance proposals advocated by many liberals, which conservatives pejoratively characterize as "socialized medicine".